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PROPERTY TYPES: Primary Single Family Residences limited to 1-4 Units, PUDS,
or units in a
FHA
approved Condominium Project. Ineligible Property Types
are Second Homes, Manufactured Homes, Mobile Homes, and Co-ops.
FHA has extended the
temporary property flipping waiver that allows lenders and the property
disposition firms they hire (or with whom they are affiliated) to sell
properties on which they’ve foreclosed without regard to FHA’s 90-day seasoning
requirement. Individuals or
entities that purchase foreclosed homes are not exempt from the 90-day seasoning
requirement. When the property seller is not exempt from FHA’s seasoning
requirement, the borrowers may not execute the purchase agreement before the
91st day after the seller acquired the property.
The waiver applies to all sales of properties which have
been owned less than 90 days (counted from the date of settlement on the
Seller’s acquisition of the property) that meet the following criteria:
Must be an arms length transaction with no identity of
interest between buyer and seller or other parties participating in the sales
transaction. To make this determination the following applicable steps should
be performed:
- Verify that Seller is in title as indicated on the
Appraisal and no apparent family or business relationship exists between
the parties to the loan or sales agreement.
- LLCs, corporations or trusts as sellers must have
been established and operated in accordance with applicable State and
Federal law. Lenders must document the validity of the seller. Business
licenses, State Department of Corporations status, and Attorney Opinions
are examples of acceptable documentation.
- No pattern of previous flipping exists such as
multiple transfers of title within a 12 month timeframe as indicated on
the chain of title on the Appraisal .The appraisal is required to show a 3
year history of ownership.
- Document that property was marketed openly and
fairly through an MLS, an auction, For Sale by Owner or developer. Note:
sales contracts which have been assigned to the current buyer are not
allowed.
- The increase in value must be supported by the
Appraiser with supporting comments and documentation included as follows:
- Appraiser must indicate the seller completed
legitimate renovation, repair and rehabilitation work on the subject
property to substantiate the increase in value.
- If the work was not performed, appraiser must
provide appropriate explanation of the increase in value since prior title
transfer. This should include an analysis of the market difference
occurring between distressed sales and typical arms-length market sales.
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ELIGIBLE BORROWERS: Individuals only. FHA does not permit
individuals to take ownership interest in the property at settlement that
are not borrowers (except for spouses). Non-Purchasing (per sales
contract) Spouses can take title and will
not be borrowers, but will be required to sign the Mortgage being recorded
evidencing that he or she is acknowledging the FHA mortgage as a superior
lien on the property. This is a recent change that states:
"If the party in question executes the mortgage, deed of trust, or
security deed only for such reasons, he or she is not considered a borrower
for FHA purposes, and therefore need not sign the loan application or be
considered in credit underwriting."
All Borrowers must provide a picture identification and have a Social Security
Number. Citizenship of the United States is not required for
eligibility. FHA will insure mortgages made to Lawful Permanent
Resident Aliens with documented evidence of permanent residency as issued
by the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS) (formerly the
Immigration and Naturalization Service) within the Department of Homeland
Security and to Non-Permanent Resident Aliens provided that the property
will be the borrower's principal residence, the borrower has a valid SSN
(Social Security Number), and the borrower is eligible to work in the U.S. as
evidenced by an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) issued by BCIS.
If the authorization for temporary residency status will expire within one
year and a prior history of residency status renewals exists, the lender may
assume continuation will be granted. If there are no prior renewals, the
lender must determined the likelihood of renewal, based on information from
the BCIS. Non-U.S. Citizens with no lawful residency in the U.S. are not
eligible for FHA-insured mortgages..
For home purchases Borrower must contribute at least
three percent (3.50%) to the transaction (3.50% of the lesser of sale price or
appraised value). A borrower can obtain gift funds for this 3.50% requirement or
beyond if the donor is a family member, domestic partner, fiancée or
fiancé. The Seller cannot contribute towards this 3.50%, but the Seller
can contribute thereafter subject to FHA limitations. (see below).
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GENERAL UNDERWRITING (INCOME):
Qualifying Ratios are benchmarked as 31% of stable monthly income to support the full mortgage payment and
43% of stable monthly income to support the full mortgage payment and other monthly loan payment obligations (automobile, credit cards, etc.). This
43% is more commonly called "total obligations to income ratio" or "total debt
to income ratio"..
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The borrowers credit history must indicate the demonstrated ability to successfully manage his or her credit usage. Although not
required by FHA for approval, a credit score of 660 or higher would be a possible indication of successful credit management.
Also, borrowers with exceptional credit can be approved at higher ratios.
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In most cases, the borrower's income will be limited to salaries or wages.
Income from other sources can be included as effective income with proper
verification. Overtime & Bonus Income: must
evidence receipt for the past two years and establish documentation of a
likelihood of continuance. Part-Time Income: may be
used in qualifying with documentation that the borrower has worked the part-time
job uninterrupted for the past two years and will continue to do so.
Commission Income: must be averaged over the previous two years. The
borrower must provide copies of signed tax returns for the last two years, along
with the most recent pay stubs. Retirement & Social Security Income:
requires verification from the source (former employer, Social Security
Administration) or federal tax returns. To qualify as stable monthly
income the benefits cannot expire within the next three years. Rental
Income: received from properties owned by the borrower is acceptable with
documentation that rental income is stable. Examples of stability may
include a current lease, an agreement to lease, or a rental history over the
previous 24 months that is free of unexplained gaps greater than three months.
(Student, seasonal, or military renters, or property rehabilitation would
provide such an explanation). If the borrower resides in one of the units
of a multiple-unit property and charges rent to tenants of other units, that rent
may be used for qualifying purposes. Income from roommates in a
single-family property to be occupied as the borrower's primary residence is not
acceptable.
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Self-Employed Borrowers: with a 25 percent or greater
ownership interest in a business are considered self-employed by the FHA.
Minimum length of Self-Employment to be considered stable and effective is two
or more years. Documentation requirements include signed and dated
individual tax returns, plus all applicable schedules, for the most recent two
years; signed copies of federal business income tax returns for the last two
years, with all applicable schedules, if the business is a corporation, an "S"
corporation, or a partnership; a year-to-date profit-and-loss (P&L) statement
and balance sheet; the lender will also order a business credit report on
corporations and "S" corporations.
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GENERAL UNDERWRITING (LIABILITIES):
include all installment loans,
revolving charge accounts, real estate loans, alimony, child support and all
other continuing obligations. In computing the debt-to-income ratios,
the lender includes the proposed new monthly housing expense payment and all
other additional recurring charges extending ten months or more, including
payments on installment accounts, child support or separate maintenance
payments, revolving accounts and alimony, etc. Debts lasting less than
ten months must be counted if the amount of the debt effects the borrower's
ability to make the mortgage payment during the months immediately after loan
closing; this is especially true if the borrower will have limited or no cash
assets after loan closing.
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Co-Signed Obligations: If the individual applying for
an FHA-insured mortgage is a co-signer or is otherwise co-obligated on a car
loan, student loan, mortgage, or any other obligation the contingent liability
payment applies unless documented proof that the primary obligor has been
making payments during the previous 12 months on a regular basis and does not
have a history of delinquent payments on the loan.
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Projected Obligation (STUDENT LOANS): if a debt
payment, such as a student loan, is scheduled to begin within twelve (12)
months of the mortgage loan closing, the anticipated monthly payment
obligation is included in the underwriting analysis debt ratios, unless the
borrower provides written evidence that the debt will be deferred to a period
outside this timeframe. Similarly, balloon notes that come due within
one year of loan closing must be considered in the underwriting analysis.
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Obligations Not Considered Debt: include
federal, state, and local taxes; FICA or other retirement contributions such
as 401(k) accounts (including repayment of debt secured by these funds);
commuting costs; union dues; open accounts with zero balances; automatic
deductions to savings accounts; child care; and voluntary deductions.
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THE FHA APPLICATION:
in addition to the standard convention mortgage application and traditional
forms provided to the borrower the following are applicable to a "Home
Purchase" FHA mortgage
application package:
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Important Notice To Homebuyer - informs the applicant that FHA does
not warrant the condition or value of the property, warns of the penalties for
commission of loan fraud, and states that FHA does not set the rate of the
penalties for commission of loan fraud, and states that FHA does not set the
rate and discount points, and that these are negotiable with the lender.
It also explains mortgage insurance costs and the refund process. Form
may be incorporated into purchase agreement, but must be complete copy.
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For Your Protection: Get a Home Inspection
- informs buyers that an
FHA appraisal is not a home inspection, and advises them that an inspection is
recommended. To be provided prior to, or at time of purchase.
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Informed Consumer Choice Disclosure Notice - Compares the costs of
an FHA mortgage to conventional alternatives, including the costs of mortgage
insurance.
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FHA Addendum to Uniform Residential Loan Application (URAL) -
Form 92900-A which is a Borrower and Lender certification of loan application
information (only first 2 pages needed for application).
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FHA Amendatory Clause -
Borrower, Seller and Real Estate Agent certification as to the terms of the
purchase agreement.
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Gift Letter (if applicable) - For certifying the source and
relationship of the donor for funds provided as a gift to the borrower.